In view of heightened security and safety measures at every major event these days, David Barrow of EADS Cogent asks why the UK hasn’t cottoned-on to the benefits of Tetrapol PMR?

Tetrapol is the world’s most widely deployed professional digital mobile communications standard, with over 80 wide area systems deployed in 35 countries. The standardised end-to-end encryption, combined with inbuilt security, provides the highest possible level of protection for voice and data communications. It is the only radio communications solution that has consistently proved its reliability and efficiency in high security deployments.

So why is the British public not enjoying the same level of service where their own safety is concerned?

The protection of the critical national communications infrastructure in the context of civil contingencies and the New Dimension of Risk is paramount.  It is vital that not only should the design of the critical national communications infrastructure sustain national resilience, but also increase its effectiveness in resistance to attacks and response to challenges in whatever form they may take. 

Right now, the UK does not have public safety communications networks that provide either resilience or interoperability as a standard, inherent capability.

Unfortunately, experience has shown time and time again that reliance upon a single system exposes vulnerability to the unexpected.  This was starkly demonstrated when the county of Hampshire lost all 999 emergency services when the main public telephone exchange at Southampton failed. Although each service (including Hampshire Fire Brigade) thought they had resilience built in to their systems, this proved not to be the case.

Because all the emergency services relied primarily on the same type of connectivity they all suffered the same result.  The police provided the only emergency communications available during this period via their independent legacy VHF system for motorway traffic cars.  These were deployed to key points and provided a limited level of communication and coordination during the crisis.  In short, the only Plan B was retired equipment.

In Manchester, a single tunnel fire took out two main BT cables and plunged a large area of the city into a communications crisis for both public and private users. It would appear that no resilience had been designed in to the system.

Without a national network that provides inherent resilience by design, as opposed to by costed option, the UK Government cannot demonstrate to the public that it has a robust strategy to respond to either planned or unplanned challenges and that it is actively contributing to national public safety. Private companies bidding for contracts may make economic sense, but not if cutting corners to cut costs puts lives at risk.

It is therefore critical that the forthcoming Firelink network for the UK Fire and Rescue Service delivers the added value, effective seamless interconnectivity and interoperability required to provide a comprehensive resilient platform for the emergency services of the United Kingdom.

It is well understood that in order to be effective in an emergency reaction situation, interoperability with other emergency services must be achieved, and designed to provide a graceful degradation of service in response to increasing levels of attack.  This has been recognised by EADS and built into their proposed solution.

Under normal conditions, inter-agency interoperability can be provided via a variety of interconnections — PSTN, Private Circuit, Microwave, Free Space Optics, satellite — or any other technology capable of carrying traffic between the two networks. To provide first line resilience, however, at least two mechanisms should be employed that share no common infrastructure.

So, for example, should a PSTN link be lost between Fire and Police control-rooms, a dedicated link between the control-rooms can be used to maintain the connectivity.

Should a Control Room be removed from the Fire network, the infrastructure will respond transparently by providing all communications functions to the secondary control room.  No manual action should be required if this ability is designed into the infrastructure.

In a case of major attacks where sub-parts of the network are affected — for example, the switching centre or base stations — the infrastructure is designed to cope, maintaining functionality with link re-routing and inbuilt graceful degradation, again based on its ability to react automatically.

In this scenario, emergency service officers on scene would be able to have group communication using the remaining isolated base stations set and fully interoperable handsets.
n the most serious of scenarios, it is possible that communications infrastructure would be lost entirely, leaving the Fire Fighters, Ambulance Service and Police Officers on the scene with only their handheld radios. With inbuilt interoperability, Fire officers can communicate in direct mode operation with neighbouring officers and Police officers and Paramedics can communicate in the same way, with a cross-band repeater interconnecting the two radio schemes.

Even at this level of incident, the national guidelines dictated by the principal officers’ group can be continuously realised as Silver Command level interoperability will be maintained.

The choice of technology for the forthcoming Firelink project is critical if it is to provide the UK with resilience in its emergency communications systems. Not only does Tetrapol exceed the requirements, it is also an environmentally attractive choice.  While the number of base station sites required by a Tetrapol network is a fraction of that required for a Tetra network to provide the same coverage capability, it is also possible for Tetrapol networks to co-exist with current technologies on existing aerial masts, sharing sites with TV transmitters, mobile phone transceivers and transmitters using numerous other technologies — thus limiting the number of aerial masts required in any given region.

Due to the modulation protocol of the technology, Tetrapol meets the most stringent requirements towards all current systems installed on existing transmitter sites — effectively meaning that no new transmitter sites are required for a national network. Tetrapol has been tested in the UK by the Radio Communications Agency (now Ofcom) and found to meet the required European regulation EN 300-113, which determines whether radio equipment can safely co-exist with other electronic equipment.
 
Encryption
Tetrapol has inherent end-to-end encryption, as well as network resilience built into the core design.  Maximum levels of resilience, redundancy and flexibility are designed into the system, at no extra cost, ensuring graceful degradation and no single point of failure.

It also provides a true national roaming capability in its design. Unlike the current police network that only operates on an area by area basis, a Tetrapol Firelink solution will allow the Service, from day one, to communicate across brigade boundaries and with the other emergency services and agencies involved in civil protection.  Any extension of coverage to the Airwave network will require additional funding from local Police budgets which are already overstretched — and this could mean a compromise between communications and manpower.

The EADS solution has been proven around the world, and can deliver improved domestic public safety, increase the resilience of the UK’s Critical National Infrastructure, and provide a second national communications system as a vital fall-back if a catastrophic incident disabled existing networks.

In order to ensure that UK public safety communications systems can cope in the event of a major disaster, it is imperative that they have national, resilient, interoperable communications that enable them to deliver on their operational commitments to the public.  To this end, EADS as a large system integrator fully supports programmes being implemented by government which are fundamental to this aspiration.

The interconnection between what operators, consumers and handset vendors want of their handsets can make life complicated for the chipset vendors upon whose technology the phones are built. The trick is to stay flexible, Mobile Europe finds.

According to In-Stat/MDR, the last few years have been very good ones for handset chipmakers, as new technology has quickly been integrated into many handsets, prompting users to upgrade.

This, combined with continued subscriber growth, worldwide, especially in emerging nations, means the number of new handsets produced each year continues to increase at a rapid rate. However, the firm also reports that supplying components for this market can be challenging for handset chipmakers, because not only can consumers’ tastes change at a rapid pace, but also because handset component content can vary greatly from one region to the next.

The cellular handset has been going through a complete evolution in the last few years, keeping handset chipmakers on their toes while they attempt to forecast what will be the next big thing. When a technology does take the fancy of consumers and carriers, history shows us that the content of a handset can change quickly. For example, cameras in phones went from zero to over 150 million in just two years. Other technologies can, and will, move just as fast.

Behind the trends in handset components are the trends in the handsets themselves. These trends, in many cases, are not driven so much by what consumers are demanding in their phones, but by what carriers want consumers to have in their handset, so that the carriers can reap the services revenues from these features. At the very least, carriers want their handsets to be attractive to potential customers, so that these carriers can steal away business from their competition. This “phone-feature tango” has been very tough on both handset makers and handset chipset makers alike, since each carrier wants a list of features that are different from the features offered by their competitors. Since both chipmakers and device makers lower their prices by standardizing a set list of features and producing them in high volumes, the carrier’s need to differentiate can be in direct conflict with the hardware maker’s need to standardise.

in accordance with the increasing demands consumers and operators are making of their handsets, In-Stat/MDR has also found that the number of application processors used in handsets is expected to increase dramatically, from 18.725 million this year to 92.070 million in 2008.

In terms of which technologies are about to experience the camera-phone effect, the MPEG-4 chip market for handsets is ripe for growth. With not only video and camera functionality driving demand, but, eventually, Direct Broadcast (DB) services starting to appear in handsets as well, MPEG-4 chips fill the need for those mid-tier handsets supporting these services.

Bluetooth is another area where chip makers will see high growth. By some estimates, by 2008, roughly 56% of all handsets shipped will have Bluetooth capability.

To this you can probably add ever-more complex graphics capability to support advanced gaming applications.

Having said all that, Portelligent, which produces reports on the chip content of mobile handsets, has found that UMTS handset designers have substantially reduced the average complexity and manufacturing costs of UMTS cellular phones over the past year. The first generation of UMTS handsets, which supported both the conventional GSM and high-speed W-CDMA protocols for wireless communications, were plagued by high system complexity and high cost when they were introduced in 2003, as well as by consumer complaints about product size and battery life. 

According to the findings of “product teardown” analyses conducted by Portelligent on 11 UMTS handsets introduced in Europe over the past 18 months, products that have appeared in the marketplace since the beginning of 2004 reduce the average number of electronic components found in the handsets by over 25 percent. The average number of high-value ICs in the 2004 products — which are a strong driver of overall manufacturing cost — has declined almost 50%, as handset makers achieve more integrated designs, and as semiconductor makers come to provide more mature chipsets and technology platforms for UMTS products.

In addition to the progress demonstrated in the transition from first-generation to second-generation UMTS handsets, 2004 UMTS products are much more competitive across a broad spectrum of system complexity metrics with handsets that support other so-called “3G” protocols, such as CDMA2000 and the W-CDMA FOMAphones offered in Japan by NTT DoCoMo.

While UMTS phones introduced in 2003 substantially exceeded W-CDMA/FOMA and high-end CDMA2000 products in average IC count and total electronic component count, 2004 UMTS handsets bring overall component count to a much more comparable level, and have actually lowered average IC count below that of the feature-rich FOMA phones that NTT DoCoMo has introduced in Japan this year.

“In 2003, detailed product teardown analysis of the electronics BOM (bill-of-materials) and component technologies painted a bleak picture for UMTS,” notes Howard Curtis, vice-president of Portelligent. Given the very high estimated cost-of-goods sold numbers we were finding in the first-generation products, we just didn’t see how the carriers were going to be successful in jumpstarting the 3G market.

“The NEC e-606, for instance, which contained 108 ICs, was the most complex cell phone Portelligent has ever encountered. But the second-generation products demonstrate higher levels of system integration and design maturity.  On balance, we have gone from downright pessimism concerning the business prospects of UMTS, to a guarded optimism,” Curtis says.

Certainly the chip makers themselves are in accord that the market is getting ever more complex. Graham Carter, strategic marketing manager of Agere’s mobility division, says that the “overarching statement” for Agere, in terms of the mobile market dynamics is that “data is becoming more of an issue as regards operators’ new applications and services”.

“Terminals are evolving very rapidly now but unlike general consumer electronics the communications aspect of the phones means there are very strict limitations on the devices. But at the same time as the applications side is developing the bearer technologies are not standing still. The match now is to evolve dual mode WCDMA/ GPRS baseband [often called modem] foundations and applications processing capability.

To square the circle Agere has developed an architecture that keeps the processors in separate domains; a communications processor, an applications processor and a signal processor..

This approach can deliver 30 frames per second video, MPEG 4, decoding and encoding, a 5Megapixel camera, 3D graphics and 40Kbps speech from the same ARM 7 core processor, Carter argues. Each processor is fully dedicated to its particular function and eliminates complications such as increased integration and debug times that often occur with solutions that offer combined communications and applications processing, Carter says.

The de-coupled applications and communications structure also offers advantages during the development phase when designers may need to revamp and enhance existing models to meet specific market demands.

Reducing the components to ARM7/ARM9 processors plus DSP also reduces the size and price of the end product substantially, Carter says.

One company with a view of the whole chain is ARM.  ARM sits “at the bottom” of the value chain” as Bruce Beckloff, director of segment marketing for ARM puts it, and about 70% of handsets have some ARM IP at the microprocessor core level in them.

“The developments we start today will be five years off being in somebody’s hands,” he says.  “We try to create the foundations of the technology that people can build upon.”

Beckloff identifies security and DRM as very hot areas for chip developers at the moment. As operators have bet the farm on 3G, they will need commerce and content to take off. Security and DRM will be crucial to this. One way ARM can help with this is with its TrustZone concept, in which it partitions off part of the processor — “with only one way on and one way out” — into which the chip developers or phone manufacturers can put their own security technology. This process, of embedding a process in the hardware itself is what will continue to drive development, Beckloff says.

“In the mobile phone handset you are physically constrained, you can’t just keep throwing application processors at a problem. The phone is constrained in terms of cost, size, power and battery life so if you can drive as much as possible down to the core layer then the phone can be more efficient in all aspects.”

Operators have been talking about mobilising enterprise applications for a while, but 3G and WLAN have given them a new chance to open up the market. By Keith Dyer.

By 2007, 65% of companies will have deployed at least one wireless application, according to research firm Meta Group. The list of which applications enterprises want to mobilise is not exactly a surprise. Messaging will top the most-wanted application list, with 50% of organisations enabling wireless e-mail within three years and 75% within four years.

However, MetaGroup projects that e-mail will serve merely as a starting gate for the enterprise wireless movement, not the finish line. Jack Gold, vp at Meta, says that users will demand more applications once they have got used to wireless email.

“Companies will respond by deploying mission-critical wireless applications that address asset management, logistics, delivery, and a host of other enterprise needs. Moreover, as the types of applications increase, so too will the size of the deployments,” he says.  We’ve been here before, of course, but in Europe the major difference for the wireless enterprise market is the actual availability of two mobile broadband access technologies that have enterprises beginning to take some interest — 3G and WLAN.

Although 3G is perhaps not what it was originally intended to be in terms of connection speeds, it still represents a significant step up in capability for mobile enterprises, says Andy Rapley of Orsus Solutions, a company that provides wireless enterprise data optimisation software,

“With GSM, enterprises wanting to extend the desktop experience to mobile workers were able to offer only basic email; moreover, users had to endure slow response times on mobile devices. Certainly, companies were not able to benefit from any CRM data whatsoever. The pieces of the puzzle weren’t fitting together — slow communications, out of date devices and an outdated  infrastructure were literally holding companies back in their enterprise strategies.
“GPRS has offered companies some vital solutions to transporting data. However, with the arrival of 3G, companies will be able to benefit from remote access to any type of corporate data and office applications at speeds of up to seven times faster than GPRS. 3G also offers the first, true ‘always on’ connection which means information can potentially be sent and retrieved in real time, so that users will be able to keep track of orders, as well as communicating instantly with colleagues using instant messenger applications.”

GPRS has allowed companies to benefit from strategic services such as extending CRM and ERP to mobile workforces, but with the arrival of 3G
and faster speeds, businesses will be far better placed to capitalise on
these applications, Rapely predicts.

“Users in the field will be able to pull up previous customer history instantly and be aware of  any previous problems, so that they can deal with any issues the customer has quickly and efficiently. Companies using 3G will benefit from faster response times — just 20 seconds instead of 2 minutes; as well as be able to send far larger volumes of data than with GPRS.”

All of this has an obvious impact on the way business can and will be

conducted, particularly on customer service and the information available to mobile workers. As speed, connections and coverage will no longer be barriers
for remote access, key applications such as CRM and ERP will not only be mobilised, but will also be far more effective.

Rapley does sound a warning note, however. For most users speed is not everything.

“Most field-based employees are task driven and not IT application driven so whilst access to data is important it is even more crucial that the data is structured in a way that compliments the core functions of the field operative.” n other words, although 3G and WLAN open up new opportunities, the way operators offer and manage enterprise solutions will be as important as saying, “here’s a data card for your laptop, have fun.”

Jay Saw, T-Mobile’s WLAN product manager says that for T-Mobile the important aspect is being able to offer an integrated service between connection technologies.

“We bought our 3G licence and at the same time we saw an opportunity in WLAN. It could have been a disruption to the market but we saw it was better to offer both together, taking away the pain from the choice. It means we have been able to become more focussed on the end user experience.

“It also means we can take an organisation’s decision making concerns away in the issues of payment and billing and provisioning. By building and running our own hotspots in conjunction with 3G we have a unique product in the market. For £70 per month you can have near-enough unlimited usage on one bill.’

Saw contrasts this approach with his competitors’, who he says are being “very tentative” about WiFi and are employing it more as a defensive measure against competing access technologies

“When you look at the end user experience and who uses this and how — the enterprise market shows a big demand. A sales rep may be out in a more rural area, and can connect via GPRS. Later in the day he may be back in the city between meetings and need a quick connection and he can use 3G for this. Then, a little later, he may be ready for a period of concentrated work and so he may pop into a Starbucks for an hour or so and use the WLAN.

Saw insists that the other operators
“have never really embraced this” in terms of building out their own hotspots.  “The real advantage we have is that we can manage the whole user experience. We have a piece of client software that allows you to switch between 3G service and WiFi. If you don’t have your own hotspot then you don’t have the ability to do that. “

It’s not just about useability as well. Having an integrated solution means T-Mobile can me “a lot more holistic” in terms of offering a single price as well.

“The others are saying you can have WiFi but as an add-on cost and as such even a modest amount of use can accelerate enterprise costs quite considerably. Vodafone’s pricing almost discourages you from using WiFi too much. We don’t want to be so prescriptive. If Vodafone buys wholesale minutes from BT they are coming at it from a totally different perspective. From our point of view we provide our customer experience end to end and without that you can’t show the benefits.”
The argument Saw makes about owning your own hotpots is perhaps only marginally weakened by a recent agreement T-Mobile has made to give users access to BT OpenZone sites in the UK. Openzone has agreements with the other UK operators as well. 

Saw has another bone to pick with his competitors, and again it’s one which may have been better left alone in the light of T-Mobile’s OpenZone tie-up.

“One thing that is really important when the other operators claim they have hotspots is to look at the nature and quality of those hotspots. If you are talking about the enterprise market — would you really do your work in a pub or in a Macdonalds? If not then you can probably knock about 2,000 off the numbers they give you. We have 9,000 locations that can really be used by business users.”

Orange approach

Away from such wranglings, Phillipe Bernard, vp Orange Business Solutions takes, as you might expect, a more strategic view. For him the important thing is that enterprise offers higher growth opportunities than the mass market.

“At the moment its at around 25% penetration rates in terms of people within an enterprise who are equipped by their employer. So that is a huge opportunity for specific enterprise solutions. In 2004 the market saw 7% growth versus a 4% growth in the mass market,” he points out.

Having established the opportunity, he says that at a top level the enterprise market is “about providing a solutions delivery beyond just the voice minutes bundle”.

Like T-Mobile, and indeed all the major operators, Orange has a data card solution aimed at providing a mobile office environment, and this is its major focus. to back this up Orange will use France Telecom’s fixed and WLAN properties in France, and the capability of its Equant business to provide VPNs, whilst partnering with WiFi providers in other territories. Bernard disputes that not owning all the hotspots Orange’s users may visit will necessarily lessen the service the operator can provide.

But its second priority is in delivering the benefits of machine to machine (M2M) to his enterprise customers. All told, he thinks he can grow Orange data solutions business by 100% year on year.

“The important thing about mobile enterprise is not just what it can do for the operators but that it can develop new business concepts for the enterprises themselves. In this way Orange can be viewed as a strategic actor and not just a service provider,” he says.

Telematics – or machine-to-machine – has reinvented itself — from ‘nearly’ technology to a growing phenomenon in the automotive industry. And this is where its development could provide operators with another revenue stream, explains Tony Dennis.

elematics has often been hailed as a powerhouse for generating the additional network traffic that mobile operators crave.  Yet it has even been forced to re-invent itself as M2M (machine-to-machine) communications in order to improve its image — without any major success.

The real problem seems to be that, in attempting to provide all-encompassing solutions, the network operators and associated equipment vendors have failed to make any great impact. Until now, that is. One particular niche — allying telematics to the automotive industry — is now proving a far more successful formula. This has even enabled a specialist ‘Telematics Valley’ hub of expertise, located in Sweden, to spring up in order to service the demand for vehicle telematics in global markets.

Catch-all approach

Looking back, a good illustration of the catch-all approach to telematics is provided by the Observation Camera currently offered by Nokia. This product acts like an electronic guard dog, alerting its master via SMS and MMS to any unusual activity in the surrounding area. Besides a SIM card and a built-in GSM handset, the camera also contains a temperature sensor — to detect fires, for example. It’s even possible to call the Observation and listen for any unusual sounds.

Overall, the Observation Camera is a very generic, yet relatively easy-to-install product.  But it didn’t inspire much support. Simultaneously, however, a somewhat similar approach to telematics has been taken by Orange by offering the sigmaBox from Box Telematics. Once again, this solution offers an all-encompassing approach to telematics’ requirements via a range of sensors fitted in the sigmaBox effectively being hooked up to a built-in GSM phone.

By complete contrast, Orange appears to have enjoyed much better commercial success when joining together with Brulines, Irsys and Box Telematics to introduce a targeted product — the ‘intelligent pub’ solution. This is a system which actively monitors how many pints of beer are sold in a pub or club and transmits the collected data back to the owner via GPRS. It’s being rolled out to multiple venues in the UK.

Nonetheless, the area which is creating the greatest commercial interest lies with combining in-vehicle intelligent systems and telematics itself.  Figures produced by TRG (Telematics Research Group) show that the global market for telematics systems will grow from a meagre 2.5 million units in 2002 to an impressive 28 million units by 2010. Furthermore in-vehicle phones will increase from 2.6 million units to 33 million units by 2010. 

Even more importantly, the TRG predicts the attach rate for many of these systems will approach 50 per cent of global vehicle sales by the end of the decade. As Phil Magney, principal analyst with TRG, explained. “The automotive industry is putting more resources into the design of the interior.” This means that audio installed components are matched to meet the acoustic properties of the vehicle.

Significantly, many innovative solutions in this sector are coming out of Sweden’s Telematics Valley, thanks to the presence of major automotive manufacturers — Ford, BMW, Saab and Volvo — alongside telecommunications specialists (Ericsson). Hence Telematics Valley has contributed key technology towards most major innovative telematics solutions which are now in commercial production.

A really good example here is Volvo Cars’ On Call system which is offered in conjunction with Vodafone. [Volvo Cars is actually part of the Ford group which means this solution is gradually being rolled out across Europe starting with Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK.] Particularly intriguing is the fact that this system is a dual SIM product whereby the vehicle has its own  unrestricted SIM card for emergency calls in the event that the car owner’s handset and SIM malfunctions or isn’t present.

Essentially the car’s owner has the choice of two buttons: ‘On Call’ which acts like an in-vehicle concierge: and a red ‘SOS’ button. So, for example, if the car’s alarm is triggered, the car automatically notifies Volvo’s On Call centre agents who can then call to alert the owner.  Alternatively, what happens if the owner loses his or her car keys? A Volvo On Call centre agent  can ask the unlucky caller some security questions and then let the owner back into the vehicle remotely. If the car is stolen, Volvo’s On Call can track its location and recent movements to aid recovery.  If the car does break down, pushing the On Call button transfers the caller to Volvo’s roadside help centre and provides the centre agent with precise details of the car’s location.

According to Niklas Wahlberg,  a director with Volvo Cars, there are many additional possibilities with On Call. For example, it can detect if an airbag has been triggered. The On Call agents could then attempt to phone the driver and if they get no reply, summon help if necessary.  The system’s location awareness capabilities could even warn drivers if they are straying outside geographical/national boundaries where their standard car insurance won’t cover them.

Another fine example of how in-vehicle telematics can work well is provided by a real-time traffic monitoring system currently operational in Seoul, Korea.  The Real Traffic solution actually makes use of three entirely different wireless systems. Its objective is to provide real-time traffic flow information to the general public. Subscribers can see a ‘live’ map of the city’s thoroughfares that highlights were traffic is flowing freely and where it is snarled up.  The raw traffic flow data is provided by taxis and police vehicles which are fitted with both a GPS receiver and a Mobitex wireless data modem.  Real-time traffic flows can be calculated and fed back to mobile phone subscribers who view traffic maps on their mobile phones or wireless PDAs.

 The handsets in this instance are actually CDMA based units but this is largely irrelevant since the maps are viewed via a WAP browser, so it can easily be modified to work with GSM phones. In fact Mobitex has supplied a similar system in Singapore and a bus tracking system in Paris. Significantly, Real Telecom, which provides the service in Korea, chose to utilise Mobitex dedicated data terminals to provide positioning information back to the central computers, but 3G or SMS could feasibly be used instead.

Real world systems
Another good illustration of how specialist companies in Telematics Valley have provided real world systems is provided by SunFleet Carsharing. By connecting a PilotFish communications box to the vehicle’s on-board computer, an authorized user can unlock a rental car just by sending an SMS message. This solution totally eliminates the need for human intervention. All the customer needs to do is stand next to the car and wait for the door to be opened by SMS. The ignition keys have been left in the glove compartment but the car is immobilised until the SMS is received.

Sweden’s Telematics Valley isn’t the only player in this sector — there are centres of similar expertise in Stuttgart and Tokyo. However, its mix of small specialist companies — like Wireless car — alongside big name players such as Vodafone, IBM and Ericsson, is breathing new life into telematics. They’ve proved that something as simple as sending an SMS message to open a lock can have true commercial benefits — and create extra traffic for the network providers at the same time.