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JT and Sure fined €4 million for collusion

They did nothing wrong – Sure

Two mobile network operators have been fined by their regulator for slowing the rollout of 5G and actually deconstructing their networks in order to sting consumers. One helped with investigators with their inquiries and received a lighter sentence, while the other has loudly maintained its innocence and received a stronger punishment. The Guernsey Competition and Regulatory Authority (GCRA) has fined telcos Sure and JT £2,962,632 (€3.5 million) and £439,608 (€517,000) respectively for commercial collusion which the regulator says infringed competition law.

Sure

However, a speaker for Sure maintained their innocence and called the investigation and its findings, “flawed from the outset,”. The telco is to take its aggrievance with the penalty to the Royal Court of appeal. Investigators for GCRA claim that between August 2018 and November 2019, “JT and Sure privately developed a joint plan without disclosing it to the Authority or the States that would mutually benefit each in their home markets”.

JT pulled network

In the secret plot, JT allegedly promised to remove its network infrastructure from Guernsey if Sure did the same with its network in Jersey. Allegedly, the conspirators repeatedly exchanged confidences over their commercial strategies for introducing future mobile networks, such as 5G. They introduced the next generation “at a slower pace” than was widely understood. To avoid detection by regulators or the media, they also worked out a common line to take viz: “that they were working to achieve the objective… in line with, or ahead of, the UK,” reported the Bailiwick Express.

Stung consumers

The companies talked of competition while privately agreeing “not to do so”, according to the GCRA. Sure is also alleged to have suppressed key evidence, provided “contradictory and misleading accounts”, and “providing materially untruthful answers” to the regulator throughout the subsequent investigation. The GCRA says the companies’ behaviours have rigged competition locally and stung Guernsey consumers.

Percentages

The penalties imposed on the telcos are calculated as a percentage of turnover, factoring in the duration of the malpractices. The fine imposed by the GCRA was, at 12%, from the lower end the proportion that could be applied for such serious infringements. The investigation found that while both companies had taken steps to prevent reoccurrence of the conduct, JT’s retrospective prevention measures were more comprehensive and wide-ranging than Sure’s. The GCRA therefore reduced JT’s fine by 10%, but only offered only a 5% reduction to Sure.

Regulator

“We have done nothing wrong,” said Sure Group CEO Alistair Beak. At all times Sure has acted in accordance with the spirit and letter of the law, Beak claimed, dismissing the GCRA’s allegations as baseless. “Yet again, with this latest penalty process, we find ourselves facing a regulator which seems determined to find against us, in the face of clear and compelling evidence that there has been no wrongdoing,” said Beak.

Spurious

“We will continue to stand by the members of the Sure team who have acted with integrity and professionalism throughout this process, despite the spurious claims made against them by the GCRA, which are equally fundamentally wrong,” said Beak. The disparity in application of the fine’s guidelines, with Sure being shown less lenience than its co-conspirator, was described by Beak as “extraordinary” and “genuinely astonishing”.

GCRA unmoved

“We would much rather be spending our time and resources delivering the best possible service to customers and continuing our investment in the Guernsey economy through our fibre broadband project,” said Beak. The GCRA maintain that “at a senior level JT and Sure were aware that their behaviour was likely to raise concerns.”

Safaricom Kenya not letting M-Pesa go solo

Fintech supersedes voice as star money maker

Safaricom Kenya is not following rival Airtel and spinning off its successful mobile money service M-Pesa Safaricom chairman Michael Joseph told the Kenyan Star. It’s now the telco’s star performer bringing in more profit than voice. But some critics says it’s got too big for the telco and needs space to grow. On Thursday, it was announced that customers of mobile network rivals Telkom and Airtel can now make direct mobile money payments to an M-PESA Pay Bill Number. The three telcos launched the interoperability for the pay-bill service on Friday. Will M-Pesa go it alone?

Joseph said he has ‘yet to be convinced’ on the proposal that it should split the telco from the fintech side of the business. “At this time there is no change in our position,” said Joseph. Safaricom’s position comes as rival Airtel on Thursday announced that Airtel money services will now be provided by Airtel Money Kenya Limited in collaboration with the network of Airtel Networks, ‘the better to serve our customers’.

There have been attempts to force Safaricom to split its business, which dominates both Kenya’s mobile money market and its wireless industry. In 2021 Kenyan Members of Parliament stifled a debate on a Bill that sought to compel all telecoms firms to split their voice and data business from their mobile money transfer and lending units. Currently, Safaricom controls about 65 per cent market share in voice, while its mobile money business has virtually no challenger. Rival Airtel holds a 17 per cent share, with Telkom Kenya on 14 per cent. 

In the year ended March, M-Pesa made a profit of SH50 billion (Kenyan shillings, roughly €400 million) before tax, contributing nearly half of the Safaricom’s total gross earnings solidifying M-Pesa’s position as its most profitable service. This was the first time M-Pesa performance was listed separately in Safaricom’s profit, having previously just reported the contribution to revenues. Voice had long been Safaricom’s top revenue stream. But in the most recent figures M-Pesa contributed 49 per cent of the Safaricom’s Sh102.2 billion (€845 million) profit before tax and 36 per cent of the company’s total revenue of Sh298.07 billion (€2.46 billion). 

Critics want M-Pesa and Safaricom’s mobile services to operate as two separate entities, with different boards, brands and regulators. If this is implemented, the Communications Authority of Kenya will regulate Safaricom’s mobile unit, while M-Pesa will be under the purview of the Central Bank of Kenya. Previously Joseph has mooted the idea that liberating M-Pesa from Safaricom would allow it to run a wider range of services under the platform, with lucrative high-value loans being one of the first opportunities it could be free to exploit.

Compliance experts have said a split would level the playing field for the other financial services operators who don’t have access to their own mobile phone network. Safaricom’s market share in voice, data and mobile money is bigger than those of its rival, Airtel Kenya and Telkom, combined. Safaricom controls 60% for mobile subscriptions 68 per cent for data and up to 99 per cent for mobile money.

M-Pesa has long been described as one of the greatest success stories of mobile money in the world, and its use became especially spread with the onset of the pandemic. However, three telcos announced the interoperability for the pay-bill service on Friday, report African Business Communities. Telkom and Airtel customers in Kenya can now make direct mobile money payments to an M-PESA Pay Bill Number. 

The objective of the interoperability of Kenya’s mobile money service platforms is to allow Kenyans to make direct mobile money payments to any M-PESA merchant Pay Bill Number and Merchant Tills, from any network. The next phase towards complete merchant interoperability will see Kenyans make mobile money payments from M-PESA to the Till and Pay Bill Numbers of the other networks: Airtel Money and T-kash.

This proposition is in line with the principles of the National Payments Strategy, 2022 – 2025, which was launched by the Central Bank of Kenya in February 2022 and seeks to achieve a secure, fast, efficient and collaborative payments system that supports financial inclusion and innovations that benefit Kenyans.

Safaricom’s CEO, Peter Ndegwa said this makes M-PESA into a one-stop solution to send and receive money and payments from any financial service locally, and our global partners.

“We are excited to be part of this change that seeks to provide Kenyans with an affordable, convenient and secure cashless payments platform that will provide more options that empower customers as they go about their day-to-day economic activity,” said Airtel Kenya’s CEO, Ashish Malhotra.

Infovista puts Open RAN on Planet 7.7

Good modelling cuts the price of mistakes

Network planning automator Infovista has announced support for Open RAN planning with version 7.7 of Planet, its artificially intelligent (AI) radio frequency (RF) planner. It allows network builders and mobile network operators to create an O-RAN in a greenfield site much quicker by accurately modelling the installation and identifying the best shape. It also works well when replacing an existing network infrastructure or, perhaps, for any telco ripping and replacing Huawei equipment. In the US it is estimated that an extra $3 billion is needed to finish the job of replacing Huawei kit from its telco networks.

Planet 7.7 also offers a new modus operandum to operators, the option to model end-to-end latency throughout the network. By measuring response times, from the core to end user equipment for both traditional and O-RAN designs, operators can understand the real levels of interaction that subscribers will experience. This dose of realism is a major step towards 5G slicing, because it measures the truth behind the guarantees of slice-specific service level agreements (SLAs) and the provision of Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services.

The launch of version 7.7 inches Planet’s AI-powered RF modelling closer to the exacting standards demanded by O-RAN. More precise modelling during the planning and design optimisation of RAN building can create significant CAPEX savings for mobile operators by either increasing RAN capacity or deferring investment in additional spectrum and radio equipment.A report, Accurate RAN Planning Saves Billions, published in July 2022 by analyst Mobile Experts, calculated that a nationwide US mobile operator could save $2 billion over a 10-year period by cutting the numbers of base stations and smalls cells needed.

Infovista’s Smart CAPEX system includes a number of improvements in the Planet Automated Cell Planning (ACP) module. Smart CAPEX gives operators the option to specify time-to-market and total cost of ownership parameters for backhaul fibre and candidate site locations. These improvements ensure Smart CAPEX provides operators with an optimal network expansion system that has much more vital detail on time and cost savings.

Planet 7.7 has improved the support it gives network equipment vendors over the latest versions of their software. These options are found in its Call Analytics Module. Planet can troubleshoot the network according to geolocated call traces. The Call Analytics Module within Planet allows operators to quickly assess a subscriber’s experience, locate common network problems and pre-emptively resolve RF issues using embedded vendor call trace processing and geolocation intelligence.

The complexity of 5G means that operators need design flexibility if they are to make the most of their existing and new RAN investments, according to Regis Lerbour, VP Product & R&D, RAN Engineering, Infovista. “Operators need to have the confidence that their network will deliver the optimal return on investment. Planet’s AI-powered, data-driven approach works on 3G, 4G and 5G networks. Planet 7.7 brings some important options,” said Lerbour.

Nokia bests the analysts even when the chips are down

CEO Lundmark laments 5G orders slowed by supply chain strain

The global semiconductor shortage could be over by Christmas, according to Nokia, after confounded the analysts with another surprise statement: an unexpectedly high operating profit boosted by solid demand for its 5G equipment. Nokia also surpassed analyst expectations in its previous (Q1) quarterly declaration. The news sent shares up as high as 7% on the previous day. Nokia said a detailed, segment-level discussion will be available in the complete financial report hosted here

Orders

Conditions for the semiconductor shortage were created in 2020 as the Covid pandemic began to limit a range of industries, including telecoms. Nokia Chief Executive Pekka Lundmark explained why the pressure might start to ease later in 2022 and the new year. “The overall direction in the semiconductor industry is positive at the moment, but we did continue to have constraints in the second quarter,” said Lundmark in an interview. “Our order book [demanded] faster growth had there been more components available.”

Supply-chain disruptions raised costs, reduced margins and forced companies to increase prices. Demand for chips could fall later this year if, as expected, smartphone and PC sales slow, allowing semi-conductors become more available to other industries.

Peer pressure

While Nokia’s margin fell slightly in the quarter, those of rival Ericsson quarterly core earnings missed expectations. “[Considerng] the margin warning last week from [its] peer Ericsson, we think Nokia is performing well in the face of inflation and supply chain risks and we continue to see strong margin expansion opportunities beyond near-term headwinds,” Citi analysts wrote in a research report.

The company affirmed its full-year net sales outlook of between €23.5 billion and €24.7 billion and comparable operating margin guidance of 11% to 13.5%. Nokia’s second-quarter comparable operating profit rose to €714 million euros ($729.71 million) from €682 million last year, beating the €636.52 million mean forecast of 11 analysts polled by Refinitiv. Net sales grew 11% in the quarter to €5.87 billion, beating estimates of €5.60 billion.

Costs

Lundmark said Nokia is passing on cost increases to all new contracts, but it is hard to do that for existing clients. The company said in April it was pulling out of Russia following the Ukraine invasion. It was reported that Russian mobile operators have excluded Ericcson and Nokia from future inclusion in 5G building plans anyway. Nokia is continuing with its exit process. “The clear majority of the exit will have been done by the end of the year. We are in discussions now with our customers there on how to do all the practical things but all our main offices in Russia have delivered notices to our people,” Lundmark said.

Telefónica to beam 5G to IoT from space

Connecting IoT devices via satellite with 5G technology

Industries operating in the remotest corners of the planet, from Solar farms in the Sahara to oil fields off the east of South Africa, can enjoy simple, affordable 5G connections for their industrial Internet of things. This is because three Telefónica divisions are jointly developing of a connectivity service for the maritime sector that harnesses the powers of Dual 5G Narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) to create a connectivity service that covers both land and sea. Any industry that involves work in remote areas, be it farming, oil exploration or green power generation, could benefit from a new development to deliver 5G from space. 

The subsidiaries involved are Telefónica Tech and Telefónica Global Solutions (TGS) and Sateliot, a satellite telecoms operator. Their objective is to create a global satellite service using Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations to provide 5G NB-IoT connectivity. LEO constellations orbit at an altitude of between 500 and 1,000 kilometres, much lower than traditional geostationary satellites. In addition, being compatible with 3GPP standards, the LEO will allow NB-IoT devices to synch with both existing terrestrial networks and the new satellite network.

Their jointly created network natively integrates the satellite network with the network nodes of Kite, a managed IoT connectivity system developed by Telefónica Tech. This is used by customers to control and monitor their power lines in real time and remotely from anywhere in the world through a web portal or via application programming interfaces.

“Our purpose is to make IoT connectivity available everywhere and to everybody,” said Jaume Sanpera, CEO and cofounder of Sateliot, “We have an Early Access Program open to IoT service providers and based on that we see a huge market demand.” 

This 5G-satellite combination is becoming increasingly popular.  In August AST Spacemobile will launch BlueWalker 3, a test satellite designed to test cellular broadband communications directly with standard mobile phones, from space. AST SpaceMobile has spent $85 million on the satellite’s development and the company’s engineers have successfully conducted more than 800 ground tests with BlueWalker 3. Direct conversations between satellites and subscribers are being attempted by a number of telecoms players. ThalesEricsson and Qualcomm are also collaborating on satellite-driven 5G network to improve terrestrial connectivity. 

The Telefónica Tech creation has similar equipment continuity advantages. It will not need new devices to be created, other than those already used in NB-IoT connectivity. It is expected that agriculture, shipping, wind farms, solar farms and livestock will be the sectors that will benefit most from this new invention, which aims to help any industry that needs coverage in remote areas. Telefónica Tech and TGS plan to start the first pre-commercial pilots with customers later this year.

These days the most fruitful areas are projects based on virtualisation and the deployment of the network in the cloud according. Carlos Carazo, Technology & Technical Operations Director of IoT and Big Data at Telefónica Tech. “5G satellite connectivity access provides a standards-based answer to IoT customers who require full coverage using the same narrowband IoT devices that the industry already has,” said Carazo. 

How can Ooredoo quit Myanmar?

As you start to walk on the way, the way appears – Rumi

Qatari mobile network operator Ooredoo is in talks to sell its Myanmar subsidiary and become the latest and last foreign telecoms operator to exit the country, according to Reuters sources. Exit strategies from Myanmar can be a long and expensive process,  as Norway’s Telenor discovered when began its withdrawal in January 2020

The Doha-based Ooredoo has informed the national regulator, Myanmar’s Posts and Telecommunications Department (PTD), of its intention to sell a unit that was once Myanmar’s third-biggest operator, with nearly 15 million users in 2020. That was before the industry was disrupted by February 2021’s military coup.

The main potential buyers for the company include Myanmar conglomerate Young Investment Group, Singapore-headquartered network infrastructure operator Campana Group, and telecoms company SkyNet, an insider told Reuters. Skynet is owned by Myanmar group Shwe Than Lwin. Talks between the three suitors have not yet reached final stages, said Reuter’s Fanny Potkin, who has exclusive contacts in the area.

Ooredoo’s investment in Myanmar is not known but it had built up 9 million customers in 2022, according to its earnings, which was down from 15 million in 2020, from which it had reported revenue of €330 million. The telecoms sector in Myanmar has faced increased pressure since the military seized power in 2021, after previously having been one of Asia’s fastest-growing markets. Mobile data remains shut down in part of the country, after nationwide restrictions on the internet throughout 2021.

Earlier this week, Myanmar’s central bank ordered domestic companies and banks to suspend and reschedule repayment of foreign loans. Ooredoo is the last majority foreign-owned telecoms company in Myanmar after Norway’s Telenor withdrew from the country in March this year in a departure mired in difficulty. Telenor sold its business unit for €95 million in March 2022, which is now majority-owned by Myanmar firm Shwe Byain Phyu, with a minority stake purchased by Lebanese investment firm M1. 

However, the Norwegian’s teleco’s exit strategy was criticised because it left the subscribers to the former Telenor subsidiary exposed, as the new owner was seen as a gateway to the nation’s military regime to snoop on citizens who’d trusted Telenor Myanmar to protect their privacy. Telenor told Reuters in 2021 it had to sell its operations to avoid European Union sanctions after “continued pressure” from the junta to activate intercept surveillance technology. 

Other telecoms service providers in the country are MPT, a large state-backed operator, and Mytel, a venture between Myanmar’s army and Viettel, owned by Vietnam’s defence ministry. In July 2021 an order was issued banning senior foreign telecoms executives from leaving the country without permission, said Reuters. The travel ban was followed by a second order instructing telecoms firms to fully activate the intercept.

Vodafone global upgrade gives it muscles, definition and intelligence to adapt

SDN changes shape, capacity and security – if and when

Vodafone has completed an advanced software upgrade across its entire global transport network of hundreds of millions of users and content providers in 28 countries across four continents. It allows wholesale and enterprise customers to add capacity faster and cheaper, by increments, and lets them add new services and tighten security in one go across the entire global network.

As part of its digital evolution, Vodafone directly applied Software Defined Networking (SDN) to the multi-vendor parts of the global network. This means it can orchestrate all its mobile and fixed data and voice traffic, said Vodafone. Engineers applied the software to both the Optical Network, which converts data into light for transmission at very high speeds and the Internet Protocol (IP) Network that securely allows computers and devices to connect to the Internet. (See full technical description below)

The new technology helps create a fully automated and programmable network that behaves more like a super-computer. Changes to 620 multi-vendor network systems can be achieved using software-driven commands, virtually stored in Vodafone’s secure private cloud.

Data traffic on Vodafone’s fixed and mobile networks grows by 15% a year and the network is shaping up to meet this challenge, while adopting advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence to help it anticipate and adapt organically. Its global transport network, the engine of the company’s network operations, comprises optical fibre cables capable of carrying and directing up to 250 terabytes of data traffic at any one time. It provides the vital links connecting consumers, businesses and strategic partners via tens of thousands of mobile base stations across Europe and Africa and more than 270 third party and Vodafone-owned data centres.

“This software upgrade gives us a single view on the section of the transport network connecting people and machines globally,” said Vodafone chief CTO Johan Wibergh, “it provides faster and more secure connectivity across Europe and to other regions. We can continually and automatically adapt to dynamic peaks in traffic worldwide, whether they are due to people returning to the office or live streaming major sports events.”

Serving global customers from a single source and a universal contract, that unifies the patchwork of separate in-country operators’ networks, makes a huge difference. Common transport network APIs can also be made available to Vodafone’s global customers and strategic partners so they can improve the quality and the performance of their own streaming, internet, and data services for end users.

How they did it

Vodafone network engineers activated an SDN stack on both the Internet Protocol (IP) and Optical Global Internet network by deploying the IP and Optical area controllers and the Hierarchical Controller. This enables end-to-end multilayer automation and programmability, removing the complexity for third party services interacting with the network.

The deployed solution is based on a multi-vendor and multi-layer hierarchical architecture delivered through the implementation of Juniper Networks Paragon Pathfinder IP and MPLS SDN Controller, Ciena Manage, Control and Plan (MCP) Optical SDN Controller and Cisco Crosswork Hierarchical Controller (formerly Sedona Netfusion). Communication between these different vendor components is facilitated through open and standard industry protocols and APIs, creating a single, end-to-end SDN management layer. 

The virtual SDN applications are deployed within Vodafone’s private cloud and are accessible via its geographically dispersed data centre infrastructure. This ensures high availability of digital connectivity with enhanced ‘geo-redundancy’ capability.

ITV Edgecasting trials start on LNER

The quality of streaming is not strained – thanks to eCDN

London North Eastern Railway (LNER) is pioneering the UK’s first edgecasts, a system where people stream TV shows in ultra-high definition without ransacking their personal data savings or crippling the train’s Wi-Fi. 

Coronation Stream

The trial service is available to travellers on three electric Azuma trains running between London King’s Cross and Edinburgh. According to LNER’s data rail users now expect to instant flawless connectivity on trains. Its latest intelligence said that for 69% of customers good-quality Wi-Fi is an important consideration for them when choosing how to travel. This Wi-Fi stipulation is even higher among solo travellers, 75% of whom expect instant access, and business travellers, 79% of whom demand office-grade working conditions. When faced with glitchy Wi-Fi, 76% opt to use their own 4G or personal hotspot, while 30% stop using their device altogether.  

The Wi-Fi’s right

In order to resolve the Wi-Fi question, LNER has partnered with comms creative Netskrt Systems to run a trial edgecasting network on select railway services. It is the first company in the UK to try this. Now LNER customers can choose from 6,000 episodes of ITV shows, provided they have an ITV Hub account. They then log in to the hub, via LNER’s free onboard Wi-Fi, and pick up the shows, which are delivered from content delivery hubs distributed along the length of the line.

Latency Island

The proof-of-concept is powered by Netskrt’s own edge Content Delivery Network (eCDN). This regulates traffic by combining cloud-based machine learning with network-aware edge caching, predicting demand for and storing the content on-board LNER’s Azuma trains. This means customers will have the same high-quality viewing experience they would enjoy at home even when go through tunnels or hard-to-reach network areas. Shows upload while the Azuma trains are on-the-move, meaning that the catalogue is constantly updated and passengers have access to the latest content. Shows are available to watch as soon as they are published on ITV Hub. The only limitation is the quality of the programmes that ITV makes.

A data remember

“Edgecasting will dramatically improve onboard entertainment for our customers” said Danny Gonzalez, chief digital and innovation officer at LNER. Critically, storing up data on a content delivery node provides a local ‘warehouse’ for distribution so that Wi-Fi bandwidth isn’t balkanised. “We hope this first-of-its-kind trial lays the foundations for the technology to be adopted across all UK rail operators in the future,” said Gonzalez. LNER is trialling edgecasting technology on select services now. There is more detail on future plans from LNER’s Digital Innovation Roadmap.

Seven nations disagree with EU streaming fee

Is the proposal too radical?

Seven countries have sent a jointly written letter urging the European Commission (EC) to be ‘cautious’ as it considers how to make internet companies pay for the upgrades to telecom infrastructure that they profit from. The EC needs an “open and transparent debate” about the idea before presenting any formal proposal, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Finland and the Netherlands said in a letter seen by Bloomberg.

Free loading

The letter also suggested that the commission should wait for a final analysis from BEREC, the EU’s telecom regulating body, as well as open consultations with the bloc’s members and the public. Europe’s mobile network operators (MNOs) have argued that US tech giants should pay towards the European networks they use freely and exploit profitably. In November it was reported that chief executives of Deutsche Telekom and 12 other major European telecoms companies signed a joint statement, complaining that network traffic is enabled by european investment and exploited by US tech giants.

Asset sale

As mobile operators are forced to sell off their tower companies and take other drastic financing measures to raise the funds for massive 5G investment, it seemed unfair for entertainment companies to freely profit from their sacrifices, argued the CEOs of VodafoneOrange and Telefonica. The other signatories to the letter include the CEOs of BT Group, Telekom Austria, Vivacom, Proximus, Telenor, Altice Portugal, Telia Company and Swisscom.

Fair play

“A large and increasing part of network traffic is generated and monetised by big tech platforms,” said the joint CEO statement, “but it requires continuous, intensive network investment and planning by the telecommunications sector. This model, which enables EU citizens to enjoy the fruits of the digital transformation, can only be sustainable if such big tech platforms also contribute fairly to network costs,” they reasoned.

Fee radical

In response EC officials such as Executive Vice President Margrethe Vestager and Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton said they are interested in examining how streaming platforms such as Netflix and Google’s YouTube could help telecom providers shoulder the cost of the infrastructure they rely on. Though no formal proposal has yet been made and legislators haven’t said when one might take place, some countries appear to have retracted already. Members of the European Parliament also wrote a letter to the commission last week to express “deep concern” over any “radical proposal” such as a streaming fee.

 

Twitter bots could bring down telcos – F5 report

Fake views might boost valuations, but ‘bot lifts’ can turn nasty

Twitter may well have unwittingly misled Elon Musk over its spam and inorganic content, former CIA cyber officer Dan Woods told Emma Chervek at SDX Central, but his own analysis suggests that it’s four times worse than even Musk imagines. The problem for telcos is that Fake Views and unrealistic valuations are endemic across social media companies and one days these falsities could bring everyone down, including mobile network operators. 

As the global head of intelligence at F5 Security (F5), Woods and his team identify bots all day and know which applications the bots target and their objectives. Roughly two billion interactions a day enter F5’s bot defence infrastructure and experience tells Woods that Twitter’s bot traffic is far greater than Twitter could publicly concede or even admit internally.

Musk said 20% of Twitter’s accounts are bots but experience tells Woods the spam content is above 80%. They’re probably not using the right tools to eliminate them, Woods explained. “I’m sure Twitter is trying to prevent unwanted bots [but this is] highly sophisticated automation from extremely motivated actors. In those circumstances, bot remediation is not a DIY project. It requires equally sophisticated tools,” said Woods.

Bots always have a goal, Woods said. On Twitter, where accounts with more followers are perceived as more influential, the bots aim to falsify that. The harm becomes grievous when highly motivated nation-state actors, with unlimited resources for automated control of millions of Twitter accounts, begin to interact with real users’ accounts.

As proof, Woods says he amassed 100,000 illegitimate followers after spending less than $1,000 on account boosting services. “I tweeted complete gibberish and paid followers to retweet it. They did. These accounts have names like TY19038461038, and they follow a lot of other accounts, too,” he said.

With a rudimentary programming background and some YouTube research, Woods found it was pretty easy. In one weekend he wrote a crude script that creates Twitter accounts automatically and it wasn’t blocked by the platform even though he left his IP address and user agent alone in an effort to not conceal what he was doing. “Imagine how easy it is for an organization of highly skilled, motivated individuals,” said Woods.

Two years F5 says it ran a bot defence for a US social networking site and found 99% of the site’s login traffic was automated. “They never imagined it was that bad,” said Woods. The implications affected the company valuation which is based heavily on the number of daily active users (DAU). In truth, most telco applications see about 80% to 90% automated traffic, Woods said, as do those of retailers, banks and fast-food restaurants. “Companies to grossly underestimate bot activity,” said Woods. In denial of reality, they don’t report accurate DAU numbers.

Many don’t want to admit the inflated DAU numbers as the shareholders won’t be happy. So the telco stays in the dark. Companies are motivated to look like they’re doing all they can to mitigate the bot problem while doing essentially nothing behind the curtain, Woods said.

These ‘Fake Views’ bot problems goes far beyond Twitter. It’s a symptom of a malady that could affect valuations of all technology stock and, by being hitched to social media, telcos could get dragged down. To allow unregulated bot activity is to collude in fraud. There are massive implications for everyone in technology. “The only way to fight bots is with highly sophisticated automation of our own,” said Woods, who is admittedly the vendor of a Bot-fighting service. “There is something much more important at stake here. … Allowing this problem to persist threatens the entire foundation of our digital world.” 

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