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AI in telco automation. Progress and opportunities. | White paper by We Are CORTEX

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AI in telco automation. Progress and opportunities. | White paper by We Are CORTEX

This We Are CORTEX white paper examines how AI is reshaping telecom automation, from early use in fraud detection and network optimisation to AI-native 6G architectures. It reviews industry readiness, showing that while many operators are trialling AI, large-scale integration is still developing. Surveys from ADL, TM Forum, and GSMA reveal rising investment and optimism but also fragmented progress between Core and Generative AI.

We Are CORTEX explains its practical approach: AI should extend existing automation, not replace it. The platform embeds AI in four key areas — integrating LLMs into process flows, assisting human supervisors with natural-language insights, providing a Design Co-pilot for low-code automation, and enabling AI agent interoperability under strong governance.

The paper concludes that AI’s future in telecoms depends on responsible, incremental deployment, vendor-neutral strategies, and continued innovation. We Are CORTEX is the partner enabling secure, practical AI automation across complex, multi-vendor telco environments

Reuters: Europe’s operators to gain lion’s share of 6GHz for mobile

Annie Turner
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Reuters: Europe’s operators to gain lion’s share of 6GHz for mobile

The news agency reports that the remaining160MHz of the available block will be frozen until the WRC-2027 when it could be allocated for Wi-Fi

According to Reuters, Europe’s operators are about to win access to most of the 6GHz spectrum that internet providers are also been keen to access. It is one of the last remaining large blocks of unallocated spectrum in the mid range.

Deutsche Telekom, Europe’s biggest operator group, and other operators have been pushing for more spectrum for mobile services, arguing that otherwise it will fall behind the US in the deployment of 6G: the first commercial services are expected to launch in 2030.

Other technology groups and tech companies claim the spectrum is essential for Wi-Fi and future digital services and products. Countries including the US, Canada and South Korea have already allocated portions of the 6GHz band for Wi-Fi.

Both parties have argued that the 6GHz spectrum should be for their use solely.

The Radio Spectrum Policy Group met in Brussels last week and will shortly publish the opinion that 540MHz of the 6GHz band should go to mobile operators, Reuters says, citing unnamed sources.

UPDATE: On 17 November, the group’s opinion confirms that either 665 or 700 MHz of spectrum within the 6.425-7.250 GHz range will be designated for mobile use. This can allow for the minimum of 200 MHz per operators that will be required for 6G launches (6G will operate in 200-400 MHz channels). GSMA said, “it marks a positive step toward building a robust spectrum roadmap for the launch of 6G in Europe”.

The remaining 160MHz, which could be granted for Wi-Fi use, will be frozen until the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027 which is run every four years by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The 2023 conference rather fudged the issue due to a lack of consensus.

The policy group’s opinion will be sent to the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), which comprises 46 countries that cooperate on regulatory and technical standardisation issues.

It will be up to CEPT to define how mobile operators can use the 540MHz, one of the sources said.

Germany finally takes decisive action on Chinese net equipment providers

Annie Turner
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Germany finally takes decisive action on Chinese net equipment providers

6G will be Chinese-kit free says the Chancellor of Europe’s biggest economy as Europe prepares to double down on sovereignty

After much procrastination, the German government is preparing to take decisive action regarding the use of Chinese technology in critical infrastructure – specifically Huawei and ZTE. The Bundestag (or lower house) of the German parliament approved legislation that will allow the Interior Ministry to ban the use of components from perceived high-risk manufacturers.

In the past, Germany and the operators, most notably the former incumbent Deutsche Telekom, have been slower than most of their counterparts in Europe in removing Chinese technology from certain segments of 5G networks, despite escalating geopolitical tensions, and growing concerns about espionage and cybersecurity.

The proposed German law will apply to other sectors beyond telecoms, including energy, transport and healthcare.

Last week the Bloomberg quoted the German Chancellor, Friedrich Merztelling at a conference in Berlin saying he would not permit any components from China in the 6G network. Merz will discuss the matter further at a digital sovereignty summit co-hosted by Germany and France which is taking place this week.

The German bill will implements the European Union’s NIS2 Directive which applies to cybersecurity and Europe’s critical infrastructure cybersecurity law, assuming it passes the German parliament’s upper house, the Bundesrat, later this week.

The Interior Ministry could have already obliged operators to cease using Chinese tech in certain parts of their networks under extant IT security law, but never formally invoked that law. However, German operators pushed back hard until last year, the the German government managed to secure agreement on a timetable for the reemoval of Chinese tech from 5G networks.

Mobile core networks must be free of systems supplied by either Huawei or ZTE by the end of 2026, while 5G RAN infrastructure must not contain any “critical” network management functionality by the end of 2029.

Telenor unifies Nordic operations to create global IoT player

Simon Dux
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Telenor unifies Nordic operations to create global IoT player

Telenor has consolidated its Nordic IoT activities under Telenor Connexion, forming a single organisation aimed at strengthening its position in managed IoT services

Telenor has taken the next step in its international IoT strategy by bringing its Norwegian and Finnish managed IoT businesses into Telenor Connexion and operating them under the Telenor IoT brand. The move is designed to give the operator greater scale, a more agile structure and a unified platform for global delivery.

Telenor Amp head Dan Ouchterlony said the shift reflects both market momentum and Telenor’s long-term ambition in connected devices. “This consolidation is about unlocking scale and accelerating growth. By bringing our IoT capabilities together under Telenor Connexion and our portfolio brand, Telenor IoT, we are creating a stronger platform to serve customers across the Nordics and globally, while capturing the opportunities of a rapidly expanding market.”

The global managed IoT market outside China is forecast to reach around USD 30 billion by 2030. Telenor aims to reinforce its claimed number-one position in the Nordic region and expand its international footprint by centralising millions of SIMs and significant recurring revenue streams within Telenor Connexion. Two new legal entities, Telenor IoT Oy in Finland and Telenor IoT A/S in Norway, will be established to strengthen local presence and customer support.

Telenor Connexion CEO and head of Telenor IoT Mats Lundquist said the operator will continue investing in IoT as a core part of its national businesses while deepening cross-Nordic cooperation. “In Norway, Telenor will continue to invest in IoT as part of its core business offering – particularly within mission-critical and nationally anchored solutions where local presence is key. Similarly, DNA in Finland will maintain and develop its local IoT business in close collaboration with Telenor Connexion.”

Pivotal moment

He added that the consolidation marks a pivotal moment for the organisation: “It’s a very exciting day for us, as we have announced the next steps in our IoT strategy…We will, in this way, shape a new Telenor IoT and really provide the best that we can offer to all customers in the Nordics, as well as globally. It enables us to invest more and we can get the capabilities strengthened in connectivity, security and analytics as well as hardware.”

Lundquist said the strategy allows Telenor to draw on deep local expertise while building a single, more ambitious global unit. “I’m personally very excited about the five-year standalone opportunities where we can get the deep local expertise from our business units, and then combine that with the strength from Telenor IoT globally…We are the only pan-Nordic mobile operator, and we are a clear Nordic leader.”

Telenor recently surpassed 25 million IoT devices in use, with IoT revenues reaching NOK 1.7 billion in 2024. The company has set a goal of becoming one of the top five IoT providers globally, excluding China. The transition to the new structure is expected to complete in January 2026, with no service disruption apparently.

The strategic shift comes as Telenor IoT continues to expand its ecosystem. A recent long-term partnership with Connected Cars highlights the scale of its ambitions. Connected Cars is using Telenor IoT’s managed connectivity to support digital servicing platforms for fleets, workshops and vehicle importers across Europe and beyond. More than 160,000 vehicles already use Telenor IoT SIMs, with the number expected to grow by a further 500,000 over the next three to four years.

Connected Cars combines retrofit hardware with OEM API integrations to provide real-time diagnostics, predictive maintenance and proactive service notifications. Using Telenor IoT as its connectivity backbone enables the company to deliver consistent data services across mixed fleets and multiple markets. The partnership shows how Telenor intends to anchor its IoT growth through long-term, scalable deployments in automotive and other high-demand sectors.

Gartner finds European tech execs opting for sovereign solutions

Annie Turner
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Gartner finds European tech execs opting for sovereign solutions

Meanwhile, European Union is looking at “targeted amendments” to AI Act to reduce the impact on foreign AI infrastucture firms

While it seems hyperscalers are vying to invest the most in Europe’s AI infrastructure, the results of a recent survey by Gartner found 61% of 241 respondents said they intend to “increase their reliance on local or regional cloud providers” due to geopolitical factors. The respondents were CIOs and IT leaders in Western Europe. They showed increasing concern about their data, operations and tech hosted on the cloud platforms of overseas firms.

Gartner predicts that by 2030, more than 75% of all enterprises outside the US will have a digital sovereignty strategy. Some 53% of respondents said geopolitics will limit their organisation’s future choice of global cloud providers and 44% said geopolitics is already influencing their choice.

Regulation is one factor driving sovereignty. Rene Buest, a Senior Director Analyst at Gartner, stated, “Many western European organisations can’t run all of their workloads or core systems in a non-European cloud environment. This is either because they are subject to specific regulations, their customers demand it, or they are considered part of a country’s critical infrastructure.”

EU to water down AI regulation?

Meanwhile, it seems Henna Virkkunen, the European Commissioner for tech sovereignty, security and democracy, is looking to lessen the impact of the upcoming AI Act according to Euronews reporting from the Web Summit in Lisbon.

A big criticisms of the AI Act is that it will stifle innovation and Europe will lag even further behind North America and Asia Pacific in AI tech and digitalisation. Virkkunen is apparently looking at how changes to the law could accommodate the AI community. At the same time, she also emphasised the European Commission is still committed to the main principles of the law.

The Act is being introduced in phases with the next one due to come into force in August 2026, which will be challenging to say the least. Virkkunen was quoted acknowledging, “We have to look at how we can create legal certainty for our industries, and that’s something that we are now considering: How we can support our industries when we don’t have the standards in place.”

The amendments will be announced on 19 November – and could have profound ramifications for telcos, as Omdia pointed out recently.

CAF and Cellnex validate CBTC system over private 5G

Simon Dux
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CAF and Cellnex validate CBTC system over private 5G

Train and tram builder CAF and Cellnex have completed what they claim is one of the world’s earliest validations of a Communications-Based Train Control system running over a private 5G network

CAF’s signalling division and Cellnex Telecom have claimed an international milestone after successfully validating CAF’s Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) system, OPTIO, on a private 5G network deployed and managed by Cellnex. The companies tested the system both in laboratory conditions and in field trials, confirming that OPTIO operates reliably over 5G – an achievement they claim places the project among the first globally to prove CBTC compatibility with private 5G infrastructure.

CAF (Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles) is a Spain-based transport systems supplier with more than 17,000 employees and operations across Europe, the Americas and Asia-Pacific. The group manufactures trains, trams, high-speed rolling stock, locomotives and buses, and provides signalling, electrification and turnkey transport systems. Its signalling division has expanded in recent years, culminating in the introduction of OPTIO, its modern CBTC system.

The company unveiled OPTIO in December 2024, completing its portfolio of signalling solutions. Designed to support dense urban mobility, OPTIO provides real-time train control, automatic driving capabilities and compliance with IEEE1474 and IEC62290 standards. CAF said at the time that the system could reduce energy consumption by more than 20% and had already been demonstrated in Europe and Latin America.

The new validation with Cellnex confirms that OPTIO can operate over multiple wireless technologies – Wi-Fi, LTE and now private 5G – broadening its deployment options for both new lines and upgrades.

CAF describes OPTIO as modular and scalable, supporting improvements in operational reliability, punctuality and capacity. The shift to 5G introduces what the companies characterise as a major architecture change, enabling higher throughput and lower latency while giving railway operators full control of the network.

Deterministic environment

Compared with Wi-Fi or LTE, the partners say private 5G offers a more deterministic environment suited to safety-critical applications, including tunnels and areas where interference is difficult to manage. They argue this can help simplify infrastructure and reduce long-term operational costs for asset owners.

“OPTIO’s validation on a private 5G network confirms the technological versatility of the system, which positions us at the forefront of the digital transformation of the railway sector,” said CAF signalling division general manager Jon Alzate.

Cellnex Spain CEO Alfonso Álvarez said: “The fundamental objective of the project has been to promote R&D to integrate ultra-low latency and high-capacity 5G connectivity in critical railway systems, including tunnels, thus improving the safety, efficiency and reliability of operations and preparing the infrastructure for the challenges of future smart mobility.”

The validation was supported by European co-funding through the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) under Spain’s UNICO Sectorial 2023 programme (Project TSI-065200-2023-006).

CAF and Cellnex have not announced when commercial deployments might begin, but the results mark a definite step towards integrating private 5G into operational railway signalling systems.

The announcement signals [geddit?] that the rail signalling industry is moving from concept toward pilot/validation of CBTC over private 5G. As a result, Metro and urban networks upgrading to CBTC may increasingly consider private 5G as the communications layer. At the same time, national and EU research projects (e.g. 5GRAIL) will influence how FRMCS and 5G integrate into rail signalling.

For main-line rail (intercity/high-speed) the shift may come slower, but urban/suburban networks, where capacity, automation and digital services matter most, are likely to be the early adopters.

Sparkle advances quantum-safe AI communications

Simon Dux
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Sparkle advances quantum-safe AI communications


Italian operator unveils patent-pending technology for secure, verifiable AI-to-AI interaction, extending its quantum-safe portfolio that already includes a cloud-native service on AWS

Sparkle has introduced STLS-AI (Symmetric Transport Layer Security for Agentic Artificial Intelligence), a patent-pending technology designed to enable secure, quantum-resilient communication between autonomous AI agents.

Announced at Mplify’s Global NaaS Event in Dallas, STLS-AI aims to create a new trust framework for emerging agentic AI systems – digital entities capable of planning, negotiating, and interacting without human oversight. As such systems proliferate, Sparkle said, the need for authentication and verifiable communication among AI agents is becoming critical.

The new service allows agents to identify and verify each other without the use of certificates or centralised authorities, promising faster and more secure data exchanges. During live demonstrations linking Dallas, London and Northern Virginia, Sparkle showcased STLS-AI’s ability to deliver verifiable transatlantic AI communications, which the company described as “the beginning of a new era of secure AI-to-AI interaction”.

Beyond the technology demonstration, Sparkle sees STLS-AI as an enabler for enterprises, developers and system integrators building agent-based applications or working on quantum technologies. The platform is designed to guarantee both data protection and agent identity verification, paving the way for secure interaction across digital ecosystems, according to the operator.

“With STLS-AI, we are laying the foundation for a trusted AI ecosystem, where autonomous entities can interact with the same integrity and accountability that define human digital identities,” said Sparkle chief marketing & product management and board director member and co-CEO at Mplify Daniele Mancuso (above). “By extending quantum-safe trust from the network to the intelligence itself, service providers will become the trust brokers of the AI-driven economy, ensuring that the next generation of intelligent systems can prove who they are, connect, collaborate, and act securely.”

The service, which is patent pending, will be commercially available by the end of 2026, with proof-of-concept opportunities open immediately.

The announcement builds on Sparkle’s broader push into quantum-secure networking. In June, the company launched its Quantum Safe over Internet (QSI) service to Amazon Web Services customers via the AWS Marketplace. That cloud-native VPN solution secures connectivity between enterprise sites and cloud regions, protecting data against future quantum threats.

Together, QSI and STLS-AI give Sparkle quantum-safe communications services spanning both network and intelligence layers.

Microsoft pledges €8.6bn on AI hub in Portugal and Google €5.5bn in Germany

Annie Turner
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Microsoft pledges €8.6bn on AI hub in Portugal and Google €5.5bn in Germany

The announcements reflect intense rivalry among hyperscalers to build infrastructure for AI in the European Union as regulation looms to strengthen sovereignty

It feels like another day, another multi-billion euro deal by a hyperscaler in Europe. Microsoft has announced it will spend $10 billion (€8.6 billion) on a data hub on the city port of Sines on Atlantic coast city. The size and scale indicates the importance the cloud giant attaches to southern Europe and is part of Microsoft’s strategy to expand AI and cloud infrastructure across Europe, adding to recent pledges in Germany, Spain and the UK.

The Portuguese hub will be a crucial node in Microsoft’s Azure and AI compute network for workloads such as large language models and enterprise AI applications.

Microsoft says the investment will be in collaboration with Start Campus, the developer behind Sines 4.0 (one of Europe’s largest green energy-powered data centre initiatives), the AI infrastructure platform Nscale and the leading AI chipmaker NVIDIA. The Sines site is expected to deploy more than 12,000 next-generation NVIDIA GPUs and being operating in early 2026.

Sines attractions are many: they include subsea landing site for trans-Atlantic cables linking Europe to Africa and the Americas, renewable energy and land available for campuses.

The announcement also aligns with Portugal’s plan to position itself as a digital gateway for Europe. Its government has identified the digital economy as a priority for growth and is streamlining regulation and permissions to encourage investment. Earlier this week, the Spanish wholesale operator Lyntia launched DC Connect, a new data centre interconnection service linking more than 100 facilities across Spain and Portugal.

The pledge is another manifestation of the growing competition among hyperscalers to build AI-ready infrastructure in the European Union as data-sovereignty rules loom and bite. Hyperscalers and others are scrambling to build as fast as they can to comply with more stringent laws and regulation (such the EU Data Act) and meet projected demands for local compute facilities.

Google m

Google announced a new €5.5 billion investment, between 2026 and 2029, in infrastructure and offices in Germany. This includes a new data centre in Dietzenbach, continued investments in the data centre campus at Hanau and bigger offices in Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich. Google also gave information about its first heat-recovery project in Germany, and local skilling and wetland protection initiatives.

The search giant said the announcement is part of its “continued commitment to Europe” and is projected to contribute an average of €1.016 billion to local growth domestic product, including about 9000 jobs annually in Germany through to 2029.

Cloud and AI infrastructure

When complete, the new data centre at Dietzenbach will strengthen the Google’s cloud regions in Germany, which are part of its global network of 42 regions. The company highlighted the fact Mercedes-Benz and Koenig & Bauer use its facilities to build and scale their own AI-powered solutions.

Google opened the data centre facility in Hanau in 2023: Google Clouds offers AI services including Vertex AI with Gemini models from its German region and “will continue delivering sovereign cloud solutions, allowing organisations to confidently adopt advanced cloud and AI capabilities, while adhering to local requirements and European values.

“This underscores Google Cloud’s commitment to freedom of choice by ensuring German businesses are not locked into any single vendor and have the operational flexibility to select the best services for their needs.”

Clean energy and heat recovery

Google also announced it is to expand its 24/7 Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) partnership with Engie in Germany through to 2030. This collaboration began in 2021 and is scaling up “to contribute to Germany’s energy transition and grid stability.” according to the press statement.

More information about Google’s most recent pledge can be found here.

Vodafone advances in Germany, first dividend rise since 2018

Annie Turner
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Vodafone advances in Germany, first dividend rise since 2018

The 0.5% rise in German service revenues in Q2 is small but significant; amid the good news, debt is up and operating profit down by 9.2% as the VodafoneThree merger is absorbed

A return to revenue growth in Germany, Vodafone Group’s largest market, means that the company will raise its dividend for the first time in seven years and will achieve the upper end of its profit and cash flow guidance.

Shares rose more than 8% at the news; Vodafone’s shares are up almost 40% since the start of the calendar year. Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortisation and lease expenses is forecast at between €11.3 billion and €11.6 billion.

Total revenue rose 7.3% to €19.6 billion in H1, with service revenue up 8.1%, but operating profit fell 9.2% to €2.2 billion due to issues like higher depreciation and amortisation after the merger with Three UK was finalised earlier this year.

Getting a grip in Germany

It seems Vodafone has finally got a grip in the German market which has been a drag on results since a change in regulation came into force in July 2024. This allowed residents in multi-tenanted dwellings to choose their own broadband and TV service provider rather than being forced to use the one chosen by the landlord.

Vodafone Germany shed about half of its TV customers between July 2024 and March 2025 it added 90,000 new customers in the first half after bundling TV with broadband. Consequently, in Q2, the German opco saw a 0.5% increase in service revenue to €2.74 billion, up from €2.72 billion for the corresponding period last year. It’s small, but a start.

Progress report

Vodafone Group’s CEO, Margherita Della Valle, said, “Following the progress of our transformation, Vodafone has built broad-based momentum. In the second quarter, we saw service revenue accelerating, with good performances in the UK, Türkiye and Africa, and a return to top-line growth in Germany.

“Whilst we have more to do, we delivered good strategic progress in the half year, driving further operational improvements across the business, expanding our customer satisfaction initiatives, and making a fast start in integrating the Vodafone and Three networks in the UK.

The elephant in the room

A blog on The Motley Fool investment website points out the less good news is that Vodafone Group’s net debt at 30 September reached €25.9 billion, up from €22.4 billion at 31 March, in part driven, it seems, by costs accured in the VodafoneThree merger.

True, debt is down from the €31.8 billion recorded at the halfway stage last year, but it still is roughly equivalent to the company’s market cap, calling into question the wisdom of spending so much on share buyback the blog suggests.

Vodafone has bought back €3 billion of its own shares since May 2024 and another €1 billion is in the pipeline. The market seemed fixated on Vodafone’s first increase in dividends in seven years. Della Valle announced, “We are introducing a new progressive dividend policy, with an expected increase of 2.5% for this financial year.”

Even so, Motley Fool author, Alan Oscroft, concludes, “I really am impressed by the way the new CEO has steered the company in the short time she’s held the wheel”.

Lyntia launches DC Connect across Iberia

Simon Dux
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Lyntia launches DC Connect across Iberia

New service extends Lyntia’s wholesale portfolio amid continued investment and European expansion

Spanish wholesale operator Lyntia has launched DC Connect, a new data centre interconnection service linking more than 100 facilities across Spain and Portugal. The move improves the operator’s position as a neutral infrastructure provider in Southern Europe, giving enterprises and service providers a way to connect to multiple digital ecosystems through a single physical link.

DC Connect offers private and secure interconnection between data centres, the internet, cloud providers and security or AI service platforms. It is designed to deliver low-latency connectivity, with bandwidth options from 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps and MEF 3.0-certified Ethernet services. Lyntia said the platform combines its fibre backbone, covering 70% of public data centres on the Iberian Peninsula, with its MPLS network of more than 350 nodes in 200 cities.

Customers can use a single “DC Port” to access multiple digital services, a setup aimed at simplifying technical management and reducing costs. The operator also offers an optional MACsec encryption layer, automated provisioning and round-the-clock bilingual support.

Lyntia product manager Mariló Quevedo said DC Connect “responds to a growing market need to access clouds, networks and key applications with speed, flexibility and security.” The operator plans to extend the service to additional public and private data centres through an ongoing investment programme.

The launch follows two other recent developments that underline Lyntia’s modernised service portfolio. In late October, the operator opened a new DWDM node in Marseille, connecting Spain, Portugal and France through a single optical platform. Marseille’s role as a landing point for 17 submarine cables makes it a major European hub for data traffic from Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Middle East. Lyntia said its Marseille node will support connections up to 400 Gbps and enable lower-latency routes between Iberia and other global regions.

Earlier in October, the telco also introduced Quantum Safe, an advanced encryption option for its Wavelength service. Using post-quantum algorithms at the physical network layer, the system is designed to resist future quantum computing attacks while maintaining ultra-low latency. The technology complements Lyntia’s existing L1 MD encryption and forms part of a roadmap exploring Quantum Key Distribution and Post-Quantum Cryptography for future deployments.

Future consolidation

Lyntia, owned by AXA Investment Managers, operates more than 56,000 kilometres of fibre across Spain and Portugal, providing dark fibre and circuit rental to operators and utilities. AXA’s interest in Spanish fibre infrastructure extends beyond Lyntia: the firm was reported in August to be in advanced talks to acquire about 30% of Fiberpass, the fibre-to-the-home joint venture between Telefónica España and Vodafone Spain, valued at around €1.5 billion. However, no agreement has yet been announced, and the process appears to have stalled as investor appetite for fibre assets cools amid higher borrowing costs and, some would argue, shifting priorities towards AI-related infrastructure.

At the same time, Vodafone Spain has pursued a separate fibre strategy through FibreCo, the newly created wholesale network formed in August by merging its fibre assets with those of MasOrange (the merged Orange España–MásMóvil group). Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund GIC has taken a 25%  stake in FibreCo, while MasOrange and Vodafone hold about 58% and 17% respectively. The entity will manage a combined footprint of roughly 12 million premises, creating one of Spain’s largest wholesale fibre platforms.

For AXA, which already owns Lyntia, further involvement in Spain’s fibre sector would strengthen its position as one of the country’s most significant institutional investors in digital connectivity.

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